巨厚煤层分层开采采场矿压显现机理及控制技术研究
首发时间:2022-12-30
摘要:针对巨厚煤层分层开采矿压显现强烈的问题,本文采用理论分析、实验室模拟的方法,通过系统研究巨厚煤层分层开采顶板岩层破断运动特征和承载结构演变过程,明确了不同类型的顶板承载结构稳定机理,揭示了巨厚煤层开采"支架-围岩"关系特点和支架载荷变化规律,并提出了相应的顶板控制技术措施。研究结果如下:①建立了不同类型的顶板承载结构力学模型,提出了厚硬岩层分层破断运动影响因素和分类体系,阐释了不同分层采厚下厚硬岩层"整体破断,独立运动-厚度减小,二次破断-采厚增加,铰接弱化"的破断失稳机理;②提出了不同类型顶板承载结构下支架载荷计算公式,揭示了巨厚煤层分层开采支架载荷"近场顶板承载结构下先减小再缓慢增加、远场顶板承载结构下突变增大并趋于稳定"变化特点;③从"保障近场顶板承载结构稳定性和减小坚硬岩层破断岩块回转下沉量"的控制思路出发,提出了巨厚煤层分层开采"前期钻孔预裂顶板-后期少放煤快推进-全程采空区注浆"的强矿压控制技术措施,支架载荷最大可减少37.71%。研究成果可为巨厚煤层分层开采支架载荷选型和采场顶板控制提供理论指导和借鉴。
关键词: 巨厚煤层
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control mechanism of strata behavior for ultra-thick coal seam mining
abstract:in the process of multi-layer mining of ultra-thick coal seam under thick and hard roof strata, there is a problem of strong strata behavior. in this study, the stability mechanism of different roof bearing structures was examined, based on the breakage movement characteristic of roof strata and the evolution process of roof bearing structure. the change characteristic of support load and its control measures were systematically studied using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. the results indicate that: (1) the mechanical model of roof bearing structures is established and the separation breakage movement classification system of thick and hard rock stratum is proposed; the breakage movement mechanism of thick and hard rock stratum at different mining thickness is explained, which is "stratum fractures as a whole firstly, then moves independently - thickness of bearing stratum decreases and secondary breakage - slicing thickness increasing leading to hinge weakening"; (2) the calculating method of support load is put forward under different roof bearing structures, and the load on support shows the change characteristic of "first decrease and then slowly increase under the near-stope roof bearing structure, increases suddenly and tend to stabilize under the far-stope roof bearing structure"; (3) the technical measures for controlling strong strata behavior are put forward, such as pre-splitting roof in first layer mining, reducing the top coal recovery rate and increasing the advance speed of working face at the later stage of mining, and grouting into goaf in whole mining process; upport load can be reduced by a maximum of 37.71%.
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