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高速光纤传感信号的实时采集处理技术
首发时间：2023-03-27
摘要：高性能分布式光纤传感系统的测量距离可达几百公里，接收机的采样率和采集处理速度决定了系统的距离分辨率、单位时间可实现的信噪比。在实现200公里测量距离、1米距离分辨率条件下要求采样率为200msps以上、单次采样点数多达200k，随着通道数的增加，采集点数成倍数增长。为了实现高信噪比，系统通常采用多次采集累加平均的方式，基于布里渊散射效应的温度应变传感系统累加次数为几千次，基于拉曼散射效应的温度传感系统累加次数多达百万次，如此大量的高速实时数据通过内存存储或传到cpu实时处理难以实现。本文采用有限的fpga资源和ddr设计了一种实时累加系统，将高速实时的累加操作放在前端，减轻后端的传输、存储和处理压力。在给定的fpga内部存储单元大小、ddr传输速度的条件下，研究了受ddr读写切换时间、刷新时间等因素影响下实现最大采样率的累加系统的最优策略。
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real-time acquisition and processing technology of high-speed optical fiber sensing signals
abstract：the measurement distance of the high-performance distributed optical fiber sensing system can reach hundreds of kilometers, and the sampling rate and acquisition processing speed of the receiver determine the distance resolution of the system and the signal-to-noise ratio that can be achieved per unit time. under the condition of achieving a measurement distance of 200 km and a distance resolution of 1 meter, the sampling rate is required to be more than 200msps and the number of single sampling points is up to 200k. as the number of channels increases, the number of acquisition points increases exponentially. to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, the system usually adopts the method of multi-acquisition accumulation averaging. the temperature strain sensing system based on the brillouin scattering effect accumulates thousands of times, while the temperature sensing system based on the raman scattering effect accumulates millions of times, and it is difficult to achieve such a large amount of high-speed real-time data through memory storage or transmission to the cpu for real-time processing. in this paper, a real-time accumulation system is designed with limited fpga resources and ddr, which can put high-speed, real-time accumulation operations on the front end and reduce the pressure of transmission, storage, and processing on the back end. given the size of fpga internal memory unit and the ddr transmission speed, the optimal strategy for realizing the maximum sampling rate accumulation system under the influence of the ddr read/write switching time, refresh time and other factors is studied.
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