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objective: diagnosis of schizophrenia is currently dependent on symptom-based criteria and lacks objective indicators. in this study, the authors investigated whether circulating mirna can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia. methods: global plasma mirnas were profiled in a test cohort of 164 schizophrenia patients and 187 control subjects, using solexa sequencing, taqman low density array, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) assays. the captured mirnas were then validated by qrt-pcr assays in an independent cohort of 400 schizophrenia patients, 213 control subjects, and 162 patients with nonschizophrenia psychiatric disorders; the 400 schizophrenia patients underwent a 12-month follow up study of regular treatment with an atypical antipsychotic (risperidone and aripiprazole). results: the global plasma mirna screening revealed eight mirnas that were up-regulated in schizophrenia, as revealed by both assay platforms. the qrt-pcr analysis showed the up-regulation of mir-130b and mir-193a-3p in schizophrenia but not in nonschizophrenia disorders. conclusions: the up-regulation of mir-130b and mir-193a-3p is a state-independent biomarker for schizophrenia, and these two mirnas could be used to develop a diagnostic tool for schizophrenia.