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metastasis remains one of the major challenges before hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is finally con-quered. this paper summarized a decade's studies on hcc metawstasis at the liver cancer institute of fudan university. we have established a sptepwise metastatic human hcc model system, which included a metastatic hcc model in nude mice (lci-d20), a hcc cell line with hgh metastatic potential (mhcc97), a relatively low metastatic potential cell clone (mhcc97l) and several stepwise high metastatic potential cellclones (mhcc97h, hcclm3, and hcclm6) from their parent mhcc97 cell. endeavors have been made for searching human hcc metastasis-related chromosomes/proteins/genes. monogene-based studies revealed that hcc invasion/metastasis was similar to that of other solid tumorsa, and the biological characteristics of small hcc were only slightly better that that of large hcc. using comparative genomic hybridization (cgh), fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), genotyping, cdna microarray, and 2-dimensional gel electrophore-sis, we obtained some interesting results. in particular, in collaboration with the national institute of health (nih) in the united staters, we generated a molecular signature that can classify metastatic hcc patients, identified ostewopntin as a lead gene in the signature, and found that genes favoring metastasis progression were initiated in the primary tumors. we also found that chromosome 8p deletion, particularly in the region of 8p23, was associated with hcc metastasis. cytokeratin 19 was identified as one of the proteins, which was found in mhcc97h, but not in mhcc97l cells. experi-mental interventions using the high metastatic nude mice model have provided clues for the prevention of hcc metastasis. translation from workbench to bedside demonstrated that serum vegf, microvessel density, and p53 scoring may be of value for the prediction of postoperative metastatic recurrence. interferon alpha proved effective for the prevention of recurrence both experimentally and clinically. in conclusion, hcc metastasis that probably initiated in the prim,ary tumor is a multigene-involved, multistep, and changing is a multigene-involved, multistep, and changing process. the further elucidation of the mechanism underlying hcc metastasis will provide a more solid basos for the prediction and prevention of the metastatic recurrence of hcc.